ABSTRACT

Indigenous movements in the developing world are typically framed as struggles against the dispossession of their natural resources (Harvey 2003; Bebbington et al. 2008; Bebbington and Bury 2009; Perreault 2014). As argued by Ebus and Kuijpers (2015), by cutting off local communities’ access to their lands and water sources, multinational corporations have ensured that violence ensues. Over the last two decades, the alliances between indigenous rights movements and environmentalists have provided greater leverage to indigenous communities over the extractive industry (Doyle and Whitmore 2014). With resources from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), numerous indigenous groups have strengthened their political organizations while becoming one of the most visible public faces of the global environmentalism.