ABSTRACT
This final chapter considers sports anti-diplomacy in the NSSA context. The argument is identical to the previous chapter. Where sports diplomacy promotes comity between separated people, reduces friction, changes stereotypes and transcends politics, sports anti-diplomacy unravels all this good work. Contact, particularly the ‘inter-group’ nature of crowd violence, can increase estrangement, friction and division, reaffirm stereotypes and pull people, nations and states further apart (Stott and Reicher 1998, 353). Occasionally, international sport represents the worst of humanity: cheating, violence, dishonour, unfairness, vice, xenophobia, hatred and immorality.
