ABSTRACT
U.S. political and military leaders created the Iraq quagmire using systematic deception for both ideological motives and personal political gain. In this centrally strategic way, Iraq is Vietnam’s identical twin, separated by thirty years of neocon labor. And because the United States did not fully grasp the appropriate lessons of Vietnam, the Iraq quagmire seems headed for the same tragic outcome as the Vietnam quagmire: disastrous defeat and humiliating withdrawal.
