ABSTRACT
Activist environmental governance can occur at a variety of scales and, in the era of globalisation, transnational activism is becoming a crucial component of environmental campaigns throughout the South. Nonetheless, local activism remains important (Rootes 2008), and its significance to the case study campaigns is analysed in this chapter. Although often stimulated by local issues it can provide activists with their first exposure to environmental activism and, through a process of activist radicalisation and transformation, influence broader transnational campaigns. As discussed in Chapter 1, defining local activism in these campaigns is somewhat difficult due to the fuzzy nature of the border areas and their associated populations (see Chaturvedi 2003; Christiansen, Petito and Tonra 2000). In the context of these campaigns, however, I define local activism as activism undertaken within borders primarily directed at a domestic audience in the home country, which is the physical location of the project.
