ABSTRACT
Between 675 and 660 Foundations of Leontini, Catane and Megara Hyblaea
610-600 Approximate date of the temple of Apollo on the Island
590 Approximate date of the Olympieion at Polichne 550 (approx.) Achradina became a part of the city 500/495 Murder of Cleander at Gela 500 Start of the construction of the temple of
Artemis on the Island
490s Camarina destroyed by Syracuse and civil unrest in Syracuse
493 Hippocrates at Zancle 492/1 Hippocrates defeated the Syracusans near Elorus
and besieged the city 492/1 Death of Hippocrates and succession of Gelon 491-85 Gelon ruler in Gela 490/85 Camarina destroyed 488 Gelon’s horse won at the Olympic Games 485 Gelon invited to become ruler of Syracuse 485/80 Megara Hyblaea and Sicilian Euboea destroyed 480s Camarina destroyed a second time 482 Hieron’s horse won at the Pythian Games 480 Carthaginian army at Panormus and Himera
480 Battle of Himera in the course of summer 480 between July and September; Hamilcar killed in the battle
480 Construction began on the temple of Athena on the Island
478 Death of Gelon ( January-March) 478 Hieron succeeded his brother Gelon as ruler of
Syracuse (Diod. 11.38.3) 478 Hieron’s horse won at the Delphic Games 476 New settlers in Naxos; Naxians and Catanaeans
removed to Leontini 476/4 Catane renamed Aetna and repopulated by
Hieron (Diod. 11.49.1-2) 476 Hieron’s horse won at the Olympic Games 474 Hieron’s defeat of the Etruscans at Cumae; a
Syracusan garrison on Ischia 474 Re-foundation of Catane 472 Hieron’s horse won at Olympia 472 Hieron victor over Th rasydaeus, tyrant of
Acragas (Diod. 11.53.4) 472 Aeschylus’ Persae produced in Athens and later in
Syracuse 470s Pindar and Simonides in Syracuse 468 Hieron’s chariot won at Olympia 467 Death of Hieron (September-November)
(Diod. 11.66) 466 Expulsion of Th rasybulus (September-
November) to Locri 463 Coalition of Ducetius’ Sicels and Syracusans
attacked Catane 461/60 Withdrawal of mercenaries from Syracuse 461/60 Syracusans allied with Ducetius attacked Catane
(Aetna) 460 A democracy established in Syracuse 460 Citizens of Catane returned to their homes; the
mercenaries of Hieron re-founded Aetna at Inessa 460-58 War with Ducetius 459 Menaenum founded by Ducetius, who also
sacked Morgantina
458 Oresteia produced in Athens 456 Death of Aeschylus at Gela 455/4 War between Segesta and Lilybaeum 454 Attempted coup of Tyndarides at Syracuse; stasis
in the city (Diod. 11.85.3) 454/3 Petalism introduced at Syracuse 453/2 Syracusan warships in operations against the
Etruscans 453/2 Ducetius extended his control of the interior of
Sicily 450? Petalism repealed 450 Ducetius defeated near Motyum and exiled to
Corinth 446 Ducetius led settlers to the north coast of Sicily 446 Battle at Himera River between Syracuse and
Acragas 442 Widespread peace in Sicily (Diod. 12.26.3) 440 Death of Ducetius and destruction of Trinacria
(Palicē) 439 Diodorus claims that Syracusans invested heavily
in new warships and increased the size of their army
435 War between Corinth and Corcyra, but Syracuse apparently neutral
427 Athenians sent 20 warships to Sicily and based at Rhegium Athenian attack on Lipara Death of Charoeades in a sea battle with Syracusan near Megara Hyblaea
426 Athenian success at Mylae and submission of Messene Athenians attacked Inessa and Locri
426/5 Syracusans built warships 425 Syracusan fl eet of 10 ships arrived in Messene 424 Congress at Gela and speech of Hermocrates 424 Antiochus completed his history; Herodotus
died, perhaps at Th urii 423/2 Renewal of disputes between Leontini and
Syracuse
422 Phaeax on a fact-fi nding visit to Magna Graecia and Sicily
415 (May) Envoys from Leontini and Segesta in Athens ( June) Despatch of Athenian fl eet and army to Sicily ( July) Speeches of Hermocrates and Athenagoras at Syracuse (Aug.) Athenians at Rhegium (Sept.) Athenians captured Hyccara (Oct.) Athenians landed at Dascon and defeated the Syracusan army (Nov./Dec.) Meeting of Sicilian Greeks and the Athenians at Camarina
414 (May) Athenian landing at Leon and assault on Epipolai (Nov.) Letter of Nicias to the Athenian demos (21 Dec.) Despatch of Eurymedon to Syracuse
413 (Aug.) Demosthenes arrived in Sicily with the relief fl eet; death of Eurymedon (8 Sept.) Lunar eclipse and delay of the Athenians (Sept.) Final battle in the Great Harbour (Oct.) Destruction of the Athenian expedition; murder of Nicias and Demosthenes; Athenian prisoners held in the stone quarries
412 Hermocrates in the Peloponnese and in Asia Minor, relieved of his command aft er the defeat at Cyzicus
412/11 Constitutional reforms of Diocles
409 Sack of Selinous and Himera by the Carthaginian forces led by Hannibal son of Hamilcar
409/8 Birth of Dion 408 Hermocrates active in western Sicily 408 Exile of Diocles and death of Hermocrates 407 Diplomatic contacts between Syracuse and
Carthage 406 Carthaginian invasion of Sicily and sack of
Acragas 405 Carthaginian attack on Gela and treaty with
Syracuse; Dionysius elected strategos autocrator
398 Marriage of Dionysius to Doris of Locri and Aristomache of Syracuse
397 Dionysius attacked and sacked Motya 396 Siege of Syracuse by the Carthaginians led by
Himilcon 396 Unsuccessful Carthaginian siege of Syracuse 395 (approx.) Birth of the younger Dionysius 394/3 Sophrosyne born 390 (?) Philoxenus imprisoned in Syracuse 388 Plato’s fi rst visit to Syracuse 386/4 Exile of Philistus (recalled 366?) to Th urii/
Adria/Epirus 375 Apollocrates, son of Dionysius II, born 373 Birth of Hipparinus, son of Dion (Plato, Ep.
