ABSTRACT
It would be very clear in my research that structures include state policy, international political-economy relation, international copyright regime, market, capital and diplomatic relations. The structure also embodies the cultural schema of knowledge on patriotism that is indoctrinated by the education system, the ideology that is promoted by the propaganda apparatus and online fan communities with norms or regulations. Fans are social actors with agency to utilise the resources in terms of their cultural schema. Cultural resources which could be interpreted and controlled by fans include pre-acquired knowledge and knowledge acquired from alternative sources. The resources also include the social relations could be controlled by the fans. For example, for Chinese fans, the existence of patriotic education could be structure. The knowledge about historical narratives the fans got from patriotic education, then, could be a pre-acquired cultural resource. When the fans receive the content of cultural products, such pre-acquired cultural resource could influence their interpretation of content.
