ABSTRACT
Railways rank among the largest of commercial and industrial organizations, and their size prevents direct supervision of the widely separated parts of the organization and its scattered labour units. Moreover, many subsidiary and ancillary enterprises have to be provided, some of which, such as carting services, warehousing, or railway workshops, are indirectly involved in the movement of traffic by rail, while others, such as steamship services, docks, or golf courses, are provided with a view to obtaining traffic.
