ABSTRACT
China had flung down the gauntlet to the Soviet Union and was set to challenge it on a world-wide stage. At the close of the year Zhou Enlai with 50 officials visited ten African and three Asian countries and Albania. Chinese influence was already marked in Congo Brazzaville (the former French Congo) by 1963 and was actively sought in other places on the perimeter of the former Belgian Congo as well as in East Africa. Zhou returned home with an optimistic report on revolutionary prospects in Africa. But at the World Peace Congress in Warsaw in December 1963, China's militant anti-Western line and bid to wrest the leadership of the Third World delegations from the Soviet Union were defeated. At no time, moreover, did China's support for anti-Soviet and antiWestern movements exceed the bounds of trade, aid and verbal support.
