ABSTRACT
After the death of Miguel Hidalgo, a second major revolutionary movement developed in southern Mexico under the leadership of José María Morelos, also a priest. Morelos was a mestizo (person of Indian and Spanish parentage), although he was sometimes described as a mulato (person of African-Spanish parentage) of relatively humble origins who had at one time worked as a muleteer. He proved to have greater military skill than Hidalgo, and he also articulated a more cohesive political 185program than Hidalgo had ever advanced. Both factors allowed him to recruit supporters from all classes in the region of the Pacific lowlands. In 1813 he organized a governmental congress to convene in Chipalcingo (in present-day Guerrerro State). In November 1815, the royalist forces captured Morelos, and he was defrocked and executed.
