ABSTRACT
Economic modernisation and rapid urbanisation has affected not only workload due to increases in crime, disputes and disorder but also the incidences of police–public confrontations and (in China’s case) the rise in police deaths and injuries. The increase in complexity and the readily available capital from economic boom have also introduced both new and increased opportunities for corruption. Moreover, the widespread use of social media and the public’s higher expectations of a more professionalised police service has increased officers’ stress and impacted on morale. These higher public expectations as well as politicisation of policing (especially in India) have also impacted upon the decline of camaraderie between officers and men. In both countries, the practice of buying and selling of police office is now an endemic problem.
