ABSTRACT
While there is one facial expression of anger, anger can have two diff erent adaptive functions, represented in separate neurological structures. Th e fi rst and most recognized function of anger is defensive, a response to threat or to danger. Th e second is the consummatory anger of the predator. Th e facial expressions, the loud voice, the bared teeth, and the clenched fi st all say, “I’m ready for a fi ght, so stop and submit” (Tomkins, 1963; Greenberg & Safran, 1986; Izard, 1971).
