ABSTRACT
Cross-national comparative research must be the most challenging of all types of study because it aims to produce a genuinely universal social science (Galtung, 1990). In terms of research design and methods, these studies are no different from national or local projects. Examples of comparative studies can be identified for every research design in Chapters 2 to 9. In large and culturally diverse countries, such as India, Indonesia or Nigeria, a national study can be just as challenging as a cross-national comparative study. In most cases, however, the comparative element adds another layer of work - both theoretical and organisational. Studying the country where one lives and works never demands explanation. It seems obvious. But research on other countries always requires explanation. Why these particular countries? How are the extra effort and cost justified? And how will such a study be carried out?
