ABSTRACT
Recent years have seen a growing interest in community trauma exposure. Wars, ethnic cleansing such as the Holocaust, the Turkish genocide of Armenians and the slaughter of the Tutsi minority by the Hutu majority in Rwanda during the 1990s, tsunamis, school violence, terrorist attacks, hurricanes such as hurricane Sandy, which devastated the Caribbean and the US east coast, and technical disasters such as the failures of atomic nuclear power plants in Chernobyl in the Ukraine (1986) and in Fukushima, Japan (2011) are a few of the highly stressful events that affect whole communities. Such exposure involves multiple people who simultaneously experience emergencies and crises.
