ABSTRACT
Not all environmental impacts are negative. Positive effects are intended and manifested at a range of scales, from mega-events such as the Olympics, where the intended environmental legacy forms part of the bid, to community events that focus on cleaning up litter in local open spaces. In between are events such as the garden festivals that were held in Liverpool (1984) and South Wales (1992). These effects can be the focus of the event or a corollary of it. In either case the benefits can be significant and permanent, though little remains of the two festivals cited.
