ABSTRACT
Not in a very long time - not, perhaps, since the late 1940s or early 1950s - have there been as many new major management techniques as there are today: downsizing, outsourcing, total quality management, economic value analysis, benchmarking, re-engineering. Each is a powerful tool. But with the exceptions of outsourcing and re-engineering, these tools are deSigned primarily to do differently what is already being done. They are 'how-to-do' tools.
