ABSTRACT
Some of these program are frequently offered on the participant's time. They are sometimes labeled as "voluntary" although that term is more closely associated with the broad field of adult education than it is with HRD. Self-selection is apparent when the HRD unit issues bulletins listing course offerings and produces what looks like a college catalogue with predesigned programs that are available to everyone. The process is usually similar to a university situation in which the participants enroll in courses.
