ABSTRACT
The global terrorist threat in the early twenty-first century is testing the basic political values and structures of democracy, in particular, criminal justice system roles and processes in controlling deviance in society. Terrorism and the emergence of homeland security have changed the character of policing not only in the United States but also around the world. Many state and local police agencies now have some type of homeland security bureau or unit in their tables of organization. With this growing homeland security role, the usual attention to traditional crime and disorder has been expanded to include terrorist investigations and intelligence efforts, weapons of mass destruction training, infrastructure security deployments, emergency operations planning, and new personal protective and tactical equipment and armaments (much of it funded by federal grant dollars). Intelligence gathering and analysis operations, formerly concerned perhaps with traditional organized crime and narcotics smuggling, have been expanded to include intelligence geared toward identifying “homegrown” terrorists, working with federal agencies in joint task forces, and immigration law enforcement activities. Within this new construct of policing, port authorities and facilities must work cooperatively with their local and state law enforcement agencies to integrate the appropriate level of police services into the port facility security plan (FSP) and security regimen.
