Disorders of the Beak and Cere

Malformation of the beak may be congenital or acquired. Congenital conditions include lateral deviations of the maxilla (wry/scissor beak) ( Fig. 11.1 ) and mandibular prognathism ( Figs 11.2 , 11.3 ). Acquired conditions include lateral deviations of the maxilla (wry/scissor beak), compression deformities of the mandible or maxilla ( Fig. 11.4 ) and other malformations, often associated with a ‘softening’ of the beak due to malnutrition.