ABSTRACT
Once a customer has committed to specific end-use equipment, certain requirements for electric service emerge. The customer’s total electricity needs represent the combined energy requirements of all end-use load devices based on their electric power ratings and operations. 1 The rate of energy use by some customers is fairly constant. For example, the load factor of a 24-hour grocery store is high because the predominant end-use loads, refrigeration, lighting, and HVAC, operate on a fairly continuous basis. Conversely, the rate of energy use is highly variable for low load factor customers. A car crushing operation, for instance, tends to use most of its energy requirements over very short periods of time. During crushing sequences, a very high rate of energy transfer is needed for the compaction drives. But in between times, the energy requirements for the auxiliary load operations are comparatively quite low.
