ABSTRACT

Visualizing data is one of the most important things we can do to become familiar with the data. There are often features and patterns in the data that cannot be uncovered with summary statistics alone. There tend to be two forms in which data can be presented; Summary tables are used for comparing exact values between groups for example, and plots for conveying trends and patterns when exact numbers are not always necessary to convey a story. This chapter introduces a series of plot types for both categorical and continuous data. We start with visualizations for a single variable only (univariate), then combinations of two variables (bivariate), and lastly a few examples and discussion of methods for exploring relationships between more than two variables (multivariate). Additional graphs designed for a specific analysis setting are introduced as needed in other chapters of this book.