ABSTRACT
The Indonesian nationalist movement truly began in the first decades of the twentieth century. Indonesian nationalists have hailed earlier revolts such as the Java War of 1825–1830, the struggles in western Sumatra in the 1820s and 1830s, and the resistance to the imposition of the Dutch rule in Atjeh later in the nineteenth century as the precursors of the nationalist movement. None of these agitations, however, had nationwide organization or appeal.
