ABSTRACT
The 1990s marked a major transformation in Egypt’s economic policies towards greater liberalization of trade and capital movement and a decisive shift towards a private sector-dominated economy. In 1991 the Egyptian government adopted a Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) under the auspices of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The SAP entailed the reorientation of the Egyptian economy towards exports and the creation of a business environment conducive for foreign direct investment (FDI). Since that time, some significant trade liberalization has taken place on a unilateral, multilateral and preferential basis. The latter was particularly central to Egypt’s path towards integration into the global economy.
