ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the transformation of Japanese higher education system, the government policies and institutional practices in the process of internationalization. Analysis of the aforementioned approaches is drawn from a comparative perspective, not only between Japan and Anglo-Saxon countries, but also between different types of universities in Japan national and private institutions, and the UK old and new institutions. The internationalization of higher education is increasingly being promoted as a response to twenty-first century globalization. However, the higher education institutions in Anglo-Saxon countries, mainly the UK and the US, promoted internationalization in a proactive and aggressive manner so as to increase their share of the global market according to their own economic interests. Such promotion threatens Japans advantageous position in the global economy and society. In response to this, it has increasingly become necessary for Japanese universities to strengthen international competitiveness. Approaches to the internationalization of higher education have been classified by several authors into the competition-type and the cooperation-type.
