ABSTRACT
Groups 1 are often described as having beliefs. We talk about police departments believing that their officers acted reasonably, universities believing that academic freedom ought to be upheld, and governments believing that their citizens have the right to carry concealed weapons. Some of these beliefs amount to knowledge while others do not, with epistemic justification being one of the central features distinguishing these two categories. But how should we understand a group’s justifiedly believing that p? 2
