ABSTRACT
Representational theories of consciousness attempt to reduce consciousness to “mental representations” rather than directly to neural states. Examples include first-order representationalism (FOR), which attempts to explain conscious experience primarily in terms of world-directed (or first-order) intentional states (Tye 1995); and higher-order representationalism (HOR), which holds that what makes a mental state M conscious is that it is the object of some kind of higher-order mental state directed at M (Rosenthal 2005, Gennaro 2012). The primary focus of this chapter is on HOR and animal consciousness.
