ABSTRACT
In recent years, air pollution has become more and more serious in Asia. China and India are the two rapidly developing countries with the largest and second largest population in Asia as well as in the world. An annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth of about 6–7% has resulted in rapid urbanization and mobilization, which has thus caused a rising smog level. China and India have the most polluted cities in the world. Air quality and climate change will not come under control unless transport emissions are managed effectively in both countries. Meanwhile, there are significant differences in the structure of the transport sector (China has no diesel passenger cars while India has a huge motorcycle population); differences in regulatory approaches (China has the labeling program while India has tended to rely on fuel switching); and difference in results. These differences offer a potentially rich evidence base to draw from for other rapidly motorizing countries in Asia. Hence, this chapter will take China and India as examples to describe the relationship between air pollution and transportation emissions, as well as the implementation of relevant policies, and to summarize the research and techniques in the field of transportation emissions in these two countries. It should be noted that this chapter provides essential information about source apportionment, emission control strategies, and possible impacts, which are the key inputs into effectively managing transport emissions.
