The changing nature of naval confl icts in confi ned and shallow waters (CSW)

Historical outline When mankind fi rst began to sail the seas, for many millennia the maritime operational space was limited to the CSW environment. Only a few centuries ago, after the exploration of the high seas, the maritime operational fi eld of action expanded to cover the entire water space. Additionally, it should also be noted that CSW remain of critical importance despite a shifting focus to deeper waters, not only for the military but also for the political, economic, and scientifi c fi elds.