Arab women’s feminism(s), resistance(s), and activism(s) within and beyond the “Arab Spring”

The underlying faulty assumption that there is only one single form of feminism (i.e., Western feminism) that women have to universally emulate is highly problematic due to its ethnocentric underpinnings, which mask the rich diversities of women’s lived realities as well as their competing subjectivities and the multiple feminism(s) they embrace and exhibit on many levels and through different manifestations (Moghadam 1994, 2003; Nazir 2005; Inglehart and Norris 2003).