ABSTRACT
Science is being transformed by a series of technical and organizational changes that profoundly affect the terms of its production and use, thereby reconfiguring its role in contemporary societies. At the national level, these changes have particularly been analyzed in terms of ‘modes’ (Nowotny et al., 2001), of ‘regimes of knowledge production’ (Pestre, 2003; Van Oudheusden et al., 2015), of reconfiguration of the relationship between state, science and industry (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, 2000; Joerges and Shinn, 2001), of shifting governance and research evaluation (Mustar and Laredo, 2002), or of a renewed relationship between science and society, due to the increase in public controversies involving scientific and technical issues (Latour, 1999). Furthermore, the nature of the production of scientific knowledge is also subject to greater openness, for example to indigenous knowledge, patient associations (Callon and Rabeharisoa, 2003), or other kind of actors (Jasanoff, 2004, Collins and Evans, 2008).
