ABSTRACT
In today’s public and political discourses, European and other Western destinations are often described as being ‘flooded’ and ‘invaded’ by ‘bogus’ asylum-seekers and irregular migrants (Huysmans 2006; Massey and Pren 2012). As a consequence, policies have become more restrictive in many parts of Europe in an attempt to manage, and de facto to reduce the present and future inflow of unwanted migrants. Political and administrative actions focus increasingly on extra-territorial measures such as visa restrictions, carrier sanctions, readmission agreements and safe third-country regulations aiming to limit the ability of migrants to arrive in destination states and claim asylum or stay irregularly (Gammeltoft-Hansen 2011).
