ABSTRACT
If at the beginning of the twentieth century “design” referred to the activities, objects, graphics, and interiors produced by the modern design disciplines and professionsarchitecture, graphic, industrial, and interior-today it refers to all of this and more. New types of design have emerged within, between, and in combination with, the traditional specializations to bring forth a surging landscape of designs : enterprise design, instructional design, social design, network design, user experience design, climate design, sound design, business design, applied design, green design, universal design, and market design to name a few. As if by genetic mutation, design has infl ated in scope beyond the confi nes of the aesthetic disciplines to encompass the non-aesthetic techniques, services, and organizations of other professions and everyday practices as well. Inhabiting all previously distinct domains of specialist expertise, along with the un-designed gaps that were left between them, design has come to defi ne an environment where every dimension is conditioned by controlled application. Today, it connotes a generalized condition, a natural fact more than a constructed fi eld. From objects to cities, landscapes to national identity, design is no longer simply what or where it used to be.
