Three Dutchnesses of Dutch design: the construction of a national practice at the intersection of national and international dynamics

What is Dutch design? Does the term refer to design in the Netherlands (material culture produced in the country irrespective of the maker’s nationality), design of the Netherlands (material culture conceived by Dutch citizens irrespective of their location in the world), and/or design for the Netherlands (material culture consumed in the Netherlands irrespective of provenance)? 1 As this chapter considers, depending on the different constellations of national and international interests, Dutch design has been all these-and more.