ABSTRACT
Producing and consuming energy resources often come with consequences for other resources. Oil and natural gas are no different. For example, once an oil well has been drilled, water is generally injected into the reservoir (water flooding), to build up pressure in the reservoir and to stimulate the production of oil. To transport natural gas by pipeline, land has to be cleared, with consequences for local flora and fauna. Finally, as widely documented and acknowledged by close to 200 national governments in the Paris Agreement that was signed in December 2015, the consumption (burning) of fossil fuels, including oil and natural gas, results in greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon, which is widely acknowledged as a key contributor to climate change.
