ABSTRACT
There are currently some instruments that have been designed for measuring non-cognitive qualities such as aspects of character. For example, there are a number of instruments available for resilience. However, as concluded by Windle, Bennet and Noyes (2011) who reviewed a number of them, the conceptual and theoretical adequacy of a number of the scales is questionable. In any case, what respondents sometimes report may not cohere with what they actually do (Patrick & Middleton, 2002; Schunk, 2008; Turner, 2006). Also, in asking respondents to average across situations, surveys overlook important contextual factors that summon or constrain these qualities.
