ABSTRACT
This chapter offers a general algorithm for formulating and testing evolutionary hypotheses using data from recent hunter-gatherers tested against the archaeological record. Application of this approach is discussed in the context of testing hypotheses about the diets, lifestyles, and child rearing practices of our hominin ancestors. Mismatches between evolved human traits functional in the environments of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA) and the modern context can be identified and their implications better understood when testing methods are applied rigorously and appropriately.
