ABSTRACT
Any model of foreign policy making that fails to include the role of humans, while perhaps parsimonious, is inherently underspecifi ed. Every foreign policy decision must pass through human beings, regardless of rational, structural, or socially constructed constraints. In the end, human beings make decisions. And if we recognize that truism, then we must also recognize that psychology is an essential component of analyzing foreign policy decision making, because all human actors are psychological beings.
