ABSTRACT
Violence associated with sexual orientation and gender discrimination is at the heart of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) hate crime. The focus of this chapter is the challenges that LGBT experiences and perceptions of these forms of violence raise for the hate crime agenda, campaigning and activism, law and institutional reform, and the realisation of safety and security. Throughout I use ‘violence’ to refer to the full spectrum of acts ranging from the most extreme and exceptional, bringing life itself to an end, to the pettiest and most frequent, so-called ‘low level’ acts such as harassment, intimidation, or fear-inducing name calling.
