ABSTRACT
Waste-to-Energy is attracting great interest in many countries, such as in Japan and in Europe. In Japan, though the volume reduction of waste has historically been the first priority in waste management, energy from waste is also becoming a great interest these days. In Europe, due to the EU landfill directive, a large number of Waste-to-Energy plants have been established to reduce landfill amounts and recover energy (European Union, 1999). On the other hand, material recovery from urban sites, which in dicates the recovery of valuable materials and noble metals such as gold, copper and ferrous materials in waste including municipal solid waste (MSW), MSW bottom ash, incombustibles from recycling centers, boiler 72and fly ash from MSW incinerators, are also attracting considerable major interest as well as energy recovery from waste (De Boom et al., 2011).
