ABSTRACT
Bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy may occur in one-fifth of all pregnancies, of which nearly half miscarry. 1 The incidence of spontaneous abortion/miscarriage is estimated at 15–22 per cent of all pregnancies. It is thus a commonly encountered problem due to a variety of causes, which can be classified as obstetric (related to the pregnancy), or non-obstetric (not related to pregnancy). The former causes are the more common ones.
