ABSTRACT
After studying this chapter, the reader should be able to
Understand cellular respiration with knowledge of the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production and describe the following:
Aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
Basic metabolic pathways for carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Explain the principles of nutrition and describe the metabolic pathways involved.
Explain the physiological changes during starvation.
Define basal metabolic rate (BMR), and describe how it is measured and the factors that influence it.
Describe the cellular mechanisms that produce heat and energy.
Explain the concept of energy equivalent of oxygen for carbohydrates, fats and proteins.
Describe the energy requirements of muscles during exercise and how there are met.
Describe the cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses to exercise.
Explain the importance of thermoregulation and the consequences of hypothermia and hyperthermia.
Describe the responses of the body to cold, including behavioural changes, shivering, vasoconstriction and non-shivering thermogenesis.
