ABSTRACT
After studying this chapter, the reader should be able to
Describe the nature of the cell membrane and the ionic basis of the resting membrane potential.
Describe the nerve action potentials in nerves, cardiac cells and muscle cells.
Describe the propagated action potential.
Understand ion channels that are voltage gated: sodium, potassium and calcium channels.
Describe neurotransmitters and receptors, including ion channels, G proteins and second messengers.
Understand the structure and function of the specialized connection between nerves and striated muscle (the neuromuscular junction), with comprehension of the mechanism of neuromuscular transmission.
Understand the different structures of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles.
Describe the role of muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs and spinal reflexes.
Understand the classification and mechanisms of activation of sensory receptors, including those for pain.
