ABSTRACT
Three-phase power systems are difficult to model and analyze using traditional methods, that is, using loop equations (Kirchoff’s laws) and node equations (Norton’s laws) when transformer turns ratios and transformer winding connections are included in the calculations. In this chapter, an alternate approach using “symmetrical components” will be introduced. The concept was first proposed by C.L. Fortescue in 1918 in a classic paper devoted to consideration of the general N-phase case.
