Early Pregnancyy loss and perinatal mortality

Diabetes is one of the most prominent medical disorders complicating pregnancy, probably affecting 1 out of 250 pregnant women. ^{1 – 3} Gestational diabetes occurs in up to 18% of all pregnancies, ^{4 – 7} and it is estimated that approximately 10%–15% of diabetic pregnancies are due to pregestational diabetes. ^{8 , 9} Furthermore, diabetes is considered a major risk factor for congenital malformations, stillbirth, and neonatal death—all constituting increased perinatal mortality (PNM). ^{2 , 5 , 10 , 11}