Changing health policy: From study to national policy

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with greater risk for immediate and late maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. Immediate adverse outcomes include fetal macrosomia, shoulder dystocia and birth injury, preeclampsia, and cesarean section. ¹ Late adverse outcomes include greater maternal risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ^{1 , 2} and higher prevalence of childhood obesity and insulin resistance in offspring. ^{3 , 4}