ABSTRACT
Investment in pharmaceutical research and development has increased substantially over time. However, a corresponding increase in output in terms of new drugs has not appeared (Pammolli et al. 2011). Pammolli et al. (2011) examined the reason for the decline of Research & Development (R&D) productivity in pharmaceuticals over the past 2 decades and found it to be associated with a higher concentration of R&D investment in the areas with a high risk of failure corresponding to unmet therapeutic needs.
