ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the pathogenic spirochetes, highlighting their unique basic biological properties and the important epidemiologic, clinical, pathologic, and diagnostic entities and immune phenomena associated with the diseases caused by them. Major emphasis is placed on the causative agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi and related strains) and syphilis (Treponema pallidum), because these represent the most common spirochetal diseases worldwide, including North America, and have generated the most interest and discussions among clinicians, scientists, patients, and other members of the lay public. In addition, their social, behavioral, as well as biomedical implications have long been recognized and these have led to considerable scientific and political debate, and unfounded misconceptions.
