ABSTRACT
The Actinobacteria are a major phylum in the bacterial domain. Many large-scale tools for visualizing taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships are emerging (de Vienne, 2016; Jovanovic and Mikheyev, 2019; Zhang et al. 2012) with a brilliant interactive visualization at https://lifemap-ncbi.univ-lyon1.fr/ (accessed February 2019) showing the relationship of this major clade to the Terrabacteria group, Bacteria, and the rest of the tree of life. Their origin seems significantly more recent than the divergence of the Bacteria from Archaea and Eukaryota and has been linked to the colonization of the land (Battistuzzi et al., 2004).
