ABSTRACT
D-glucose acts as an energy source in living organisms. Also, it plays a major role in metabolic homeostasis (Wang and Lee 2015). Maintenance of the optimum glucose level in blood is necessary. An abnormal glucose level in blood causes diabetes, a chronic health disorder affecting millions of people worldwide (Ogurtsova et al. 2017). Diabetes is caused by malfunctioning of beta (β) cells of the pancreas, which is responsible for production of insulin, a hormone. Insulin controls the glucose level in the blood. A high blood glucose level can lead to blindness; heart problems; kidney failure; and renal, cerebral, and peripheral vascular diseases in diabetic patients. To avoid these complications of diabetes, the glucose level of diabetes patients must be analyzed. To achieve accurate and rapid glucose blood sugar detection, researchers developed several glucose sensing methods.
