ABSTRACT
In accordance with the principles of the 3Rs – replacement, reduction and refinement – an alternative method can be used to replace an animal testing method thereby eliminating the need to use any animals in the test; or to refine an animal testing method to minimize the number of animals and/or their pain and suffering. The platforms used to create alternative methods that reduce or replace animal experiments are based on in vitro models and computer-based systems (Roi and Grune, 2013).
