ABSTRACT
One of the most intriguing aspects of many conducting polymer systems is their mixed electronic and ionic conductivity. 1 , 2 In addition to many of the electronic properties of traditional semiconductors and conductors, these added ionic properties arise due to the fundamentally different structure of conducting polymer and organic electronic materials, both at the molecular and bulk scales. Specifically, the process of “doping” conducting polymer systems with ionic charge compensating the carriers on the polymer backbone is well known and well utilized in a variety of solid-state systems, as described in this book and elsewhere. In addition to conventional applications such as lighting, 3 , 4 energy harvesting, 5 , 6 and integrated/printed circuits, 7 , 8 this mixed electronic and ionic conductivity opens up interesting applications in interfacing (organic) electronics with biology. 9
